Immigration in Lebanon Essay Example

Immigration in Lebanon Paper Term Paper of English 102 Causes of Immigration In Lebanon Ahmad C. Halwany ID#: 2008 03 653 Lebanese American University Abstract For a great period of time emigrants from Lebanon have been establishing communities throughout the world , and have been talking a lot about migration, until the number of Lebanese people outside Lebanon became greater than the double the number of Lebanese citizens. The Lebanese migration seems to have several principal causes. The first one is the economic causes based on the lack of work opportunities and poverty. The second one is the social cause that concerns the overpopulation, the insecurity and the lack of security programs. The third one is the weakness of the academic level in Lebanon where the attraction of the destination countries to the Lebanese people and the lack of experimental fields and the presence of poor managements in the domain. Hence, how are those causes really affecting the Lebanese migration? Leaving his country is it the solution? Migration is a very old action practiced internationally, where people migrate carrying a message to other populations or searching for better conditions of survival. According to Elizabeth,B (2003), â€Å" Arabs are not the only people to leave their land searching for new chances in life†(p. 17). By our century, the rule of migration was set to be that people of the third world are the immigrants to the rich states. This truth is the case of the Lebanese immigrants that are expanded in a lot of foreign lands such as the United States of America, We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration in Lebanon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration in Lebanon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration in Lebanon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Australia , Arab Gulf region , European countries and others. Hence, immigration in Lebanon is induced by reasonable factors based on economic, social and academic levels. First of all, one of the important causes of immigration in Lebanon is the economic cause. It includes two essential points like the lack of work opportunities and the poverty in the country. Starting with the fact that the standard Lebanese wage of a normal employee is relatively not enough for a man to afford a good lifestyle for his family and himself. The opposite conditions in the rich countries will attract him for migration. According to Douglas, S. (1990), â€Å"Because of low work opportunities in poor countries and the fact that relatively the wages in the rich countries are higher that in the third world immigration is to be the best resolution for survival. † (p. 60). Equally important, the statistics of Lebanese that migrated for the same reason as preceded are high. â€Å"The total number of Lebanese s who migrated to the USA from 1991 to 2000 is hundred and two thousands Lebanese students† (Tabbara,R, 2001. )(Method 3 section, table 1). In addition to the number of immigrants, the percentage of jobless people is far above the ground, where more than half of the Lebanese are unemployed and they consist of two groups of people, whether they are not working and searching for work or they are not occupied and not looking for a job. According to Thomas, E. (2003),† In a sample of 200 people, the percentage of unemployed people is more than 50 %†. ( Disable people and employment section, table 1). Still, one of the causes of unemployment and then a cause of migration is the truth a lot of foreigners occupy the job market in Lebanon. They come from different surrounding countries and are preferred by the Lebanese employer because they are less salaried than a Lebanese worker. According to Haddad, (1996),† The labor market in Lebanon is somehow opened to foreigners more than Lebanese especially in the construction field and in informal services sectors†. (Employment Section, para . 1). Furthermore, concerning the other crucial sub cause, poverty plays an important role as an inducer for migration in Lebanon. It seems to be an important situation of misery that pushes the poor person to search for a way to exit his environment. And Lebanon appears to have a lot of regions with extreme poverty , and this region is not only concentrated in only one region but a lot more, and statistics of poor people living in these areas are also elevated. As for Haddad, (1996), . † Poor people living in the urban regions such as Beirut, Tripoli, Zahle , and others work in the civil service ( 31% that live under the poverty line), in industry ( 26%) . They are about 750,000 where 90,000 of them are extremely poor. â€Å"(employment Section, para . 1). Last , as for poverty, salaries differ from a country to another because of life style , life demands and needs. However, in Lebanon, the average wage that a family earns monthly does not seem to be sufficient for the whole demands. For example transportation, eating, clothing, lodging, etc. This is true essentially because almost everything is getting more expensive while the salary is remaining unchanged. This alone is not a major problem facing the reality that a lot of people earn even less than this average income. For illustration and according to Haddad, A. (1996), â€Å"In Lebanon , the average wage for a family of five persons that lives moderately is 618$ per month; however, a high percentage of Lebanese people earn less and are considered as poor. (employment Section, para . 1). Second of all, Lebanese immigration is also caused by some social causes based on population matters, instability and deficiency of some security programs. Lebanon, comparing to other countries is an overpopulated country especially in its capital Beirut and some of the suburbs. They have a relatively high p ercentage of the population density, the fact that is supported by the claim of Korfali, (2007), â€Å"The overpopulation of the Lebanese capital and its suburbs is relatively high where its residence is up to 33% of the Lebanese population † (Abstract section, para. ). Not only in these regions, but the density of the population in Lebanon are also high in other sections of the country â€Å"The disproportional extend of the population between the capital of Lebanon, Beirut, and the coastal regions is permitting hazardous crisis in the population density, causing a dreadful public consequence on the Lebanese citizens is believed that population densities vary from 1,610 person/km2 in the coast, 440 person/km2 in Mount Lebanon, and 260 person/km2 in the South, to 120 person/km2 in Bekaa. Social Aspects of Sustainable Development in Lebanon,1997). † (Status section, para. 1). Additionally, instability is also one of the major social causes of the immigration. In fact, t he forced migration is a part of this instability where people had problems and critical situations during the wars period in order not to broaden these problems. In 1989, Abou-rjaili,k. claims that â€Å" The type of migration that took place after the 1975’s war in Lebanon is a forced migration , and it was done in order to avoid some fights and problems †. Abstract section, para. 1). Besides, Lebanon witnessed a lot of wars for example the last war were in the 2006 and a lot of before. The point is that these wars were almost all against Israel , the country that has the same borders with Lebanon. Being till now the Lebanese enemy , Israel keeps on being an element of threatening to the Lebanese stability. Actually, the last warning aimed to Lebanon was lately, â€Å" In the sixth of August 2009, Barak threatened Lebanon of attacking it in case if Hezbollah was a member in the new Lebanese government. (The Israeli Warnings to Beirut , 2009). (Para. 1). Moreover, th e presence of multi religions in Lebanon seems to be another social cause of our topic in some places. That may be true because of the fact that the Lebanese war of 1975 was between Lebanese but from different religions. And this can be named as a cause based on the declaration of Faour, D. (2007), â€Å" The diversity and the wide variety of religions in Lebanon tend to create certain unsteadiness. (Para. 4). † As well as , Lebanon as a government has an important scarcity towards the Lebanese population. This shortage can be named as a chief cause of the Lebanese immigration. For example , the Lebanese people do not benefit from security programs such as unemployment programs where the government is responsible of taking care of the unemployed citizens. In addition, one of these programs that lacks in Lebanon is the old-age security program where the government takes charge of the old persons after their retirements. The same as Sibai, A. declared in 2004, â€Å"Lebanon still lacks the universal old-age security programs. † ( health care and insurance section, para. 3). At last, immigration is highly influenced by the academic level in Lebanon which is relatively feeble in comparison to the educational level in other developed countries. This can be easily shown by the high number of the Lebanese travelling in order to study abroad. For illustration, two out of five of my brothers are migrants to the United States of America for studying. One of them just wanted to reach a better degree in order to come across a better position in his career. The other one left his country because the major he wanted is not available in none of the Lebanese universities and it is the aeronautical mechanical engineering. Two out of five is a high ratio relatively. And a study done by Tabbara,(2001) show that the number of migrating student is high â€Å"The total number of Lebanese students who migrate to the USA from 1991 to 2000 is above hundred and two thousands of Lebanese students†. (Method 3 section, table 1). Besides, many of these graduates or undergraduates students in Lebanon get out of their homeland targeting countries with best universities in the world. Such as we can conclude from the â€Å"2010 WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKING† ,(2010), â€Å"In the 2010 ranking of the best 200 universities of the, none of the Lebanese universities was listed†. PP. 1-7). Next to this fact is the truth of travelling to countries which are stabilized in their security in order to easily find a job after graduating, and not waiting a long period of time being a jobless. Namely, â€Å"noting that the Lebanese country is not very stable in its security, affecting negatively the job market, Le banese students take the choice to continue studying abroad in order to immediately work after graduation†. (Canada gladly accepts highly qualified refugees from Lebanon,2006 para. 2). Away from this cause, the poor managements and the lack of experimental fields reside to be another factor encouraging the immigration of the Lebanese students. As university students in Lebanon, we almost all plan to continue our higher studies in one of the best universities of the developed countries. My brother is an example of these planners, but when he left seeking for a Masters in Business in London , he had a lot of offers from the United Arab Emirates that attracted him to work with them after graduation. And so he did. Now he is one of the immigrants and he doesn’t come to Lebanon unless for few days a year. This is the case of a lot of Lebanese that migrate for better education. Rachel,M. F. reinforce this statement by saying â€Å"More benefits and additional education are acquired while studying abroad. (2000). (para. 1 ). Not only a high education is acquired out of the country but also a better experience in a job. A lot of students migrate just for having a experience in his job field and end in staying there. As the case of my cousin who went into the petroleum studies in Lebanon and went to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for experience, and now he has been working there for years. Lack of experiment fields also affects the Medical students. As Elie,(2006), explains â€Å"Training abroad, of the Lebanese Medical students, will give them a better advantage than training in Lebanon. The experience acquired will oversupply the job market in Lebanon†. (abstract section, para. 1 ). The last, sub cause exists in the lack of sufficient knowledge about a certain background. There are several jobs in Lebanon that are not given a good consideration in order to ameliorate the career. The same is the fact of the nursing in Lebanon. According to El-Jardali,F. 2008), â€Å"The cause of migration of the Lebanese nurse students is a weak management and a lack of knowledge about the context†. (abstract section, para. 1). In conclusion, the Lebanese migration has several foundations based on many of economic causes such as unemployment and poverty, social causes like the overpopulation, the instability of the country’s security and the shortage in the securi ty programs, in addition to the academic level limitations based on the strengths of the destination countries and the poor management accompanied with the lack of the experimental fields of this level. Now as almost a lot of the crucial causes of the Lebanese migration are diagnosed and knowing that it’s very difficult to stop this migration, will the Lebanese government assisted by the Lebanese people be able to find solutions to these causes in order to at least lessen from the bad consequences? REFERENCES BOOK 2 Boosahda, E. (2003). Arab-American faces and voices : The origins of an Immigrant Community. Austin , TX , USA : University of Texas Press . Muhammad A. F. (2007). Religion, demography, and politics in Lebanon Middle Eastern . . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Studies. Volume 43 , issue 6, pp 909-921. DATABASES: 5 El-jardali, F. ; Dumit , N. ; Jamal,D ; mouro,G. October,2008. Migration of Lebanese nurses : A questionnaire Survey and secondary data analysis . Vol. 10 . pp 1490-1500. Retrieved march 4/2010 from academic search Premier from http://web. ebscohost. com 15 Abou-rjaili, K. ( September,1989). The forced migration of population inside Lebanon , 1975-1986. Retrieved April 8, 2010 from PubMed from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12179328 19 Lakkis , S. (April,2003). Disability and livelihoods in Lebanon. Retrieved April 8,2010 from http://web. bscohost. com 17 Unknown. (August 2009). The Israeli warnings to Beirut. Retrieved April 8, 2010 from †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Powersearch Document from www. Galegroup. com 24 Akl, E. A. (November 2006). Why are you draining your brain? factors underlying decisions of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . graduating Lebanese medical students to migrate. Retrieved on April 22,2010 from †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Science Direct from www. sciencedirec t. com 26 Unknown. (August,2006). Canada gladly accepts highly qualified refugees from Lebanon from www. workpermit. com WEBSITES: 8 Massey, DS. (1990). The social and economic origins of immigration. Retrieved March 4/2010 from www. jstor. org 9 Freiedlberg, R. M. (2000). You can’t take it with you? Immigrant assimilation and the portability Of human capital. vol18. num 2. (journal) 10 †¢Facts about Lebanese emigration(1991-2000) by Information International. (November,1-7/2001). Retrieved March 30,2010 from http://www. information- international. com/pdf/emigration_report_english-1. pdf 11 University Web Ranking. (2010). Top 200 Colleges and Universities in the world. Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www. 4icu. org/top200/ 12 Haddad, A. (summer 1996). The Poor in Lebanon. Retrieved April 1,2010 , from http://www. lcps-lebanon. org/pub/tlr/96/sum96/poor_in_lebanon. html#RTFToC2. 18 Korfali, S. ( December, 2007). Assessment of domestic water quality: case study, Beirut, Lebanon. Retrieved April 8, 2010 from http://www. springerlink. com/content/r421w23j50161r6j/ 20 Sibai, A. M. (2004). Population ageing in Lebanon: current status, future prospects and Implication from policy . Retrieved April 13, 2010 from www. who. com 21 Unknown. (April 1997). Social aspects of sustainable development in lebanon. Retrieved April 13, 2010 from www. un. org

USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Aircraft Carrier

USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Aircraft Carrier USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Aircraft Carrier Shipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Laid Down: July 10, 1944 Launched:  April 2, 1946 Commissioned:  October 1, 1947 Fate:  Scrapped, 2000 USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Specifications (at commissioning): Displacement:  45,000 tons Length:  968 ft. Beam:  113 ft. Draft:  35 ft. Propulsion:  12 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed:  33 knots Complement:  4,104 men USS Coral Sea (CV-43)- Armament (at commissioning): 18 Ãâ€" 5 guns84 Ãâ€" Bofors 40 mm guns68 Ãâ€"  Oerlikon 20 mm cannons Aircraft 100-137 aircraft USS Coral Sea (CV-43)  - Design: In 1940, with the design of the Essex-class carriers nearly finished, the US Navy commenced an examination of the design to ascertain whether the new ships could be changed to incorporate an armored flight deck.   This alteration came under consideration due to the performance of the Royal Navys armored carriers during the opening years of World War II.   The US Navys review found that though armoring the flight deck and partitioning the hanger deck into several sections reduced damage in battle, adding these changes to the Essex-class ships would greatly reduce the size of their air groups.   Unwilling to limit the Essex-class offensive power, the US Navy decided to create a new type of carrier that would retain a large air group while adding the wanted protection.   Significantly larger than the Essex-class, the new type that became the Midway-class would be able to carry over 130 aircraft while including an armored flight deck.   As the new design evolved, naval architects were forced to reduce much of the carriers heavy armament, including a battery of 8 guns, in order to reduce weight.   Also, they were compelled to spread the class 5 anti-aircraft guns around the ship rather than in the planned dual mounts.   When finished, the Midway-class would be the first type of carrier to be too wide to use the Panama Canal. USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Construction: Work on the third ship of the class, USS Coral Sea (CVB-43), commenced on July 10, 1944, at Newport News Shipbuilding.   Named for the critical 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea which stopped the Japanese advance toward Port Moresby, New Guinea, the new ship slid down the ways on April 2, 1946, with Helen S. Kinkaid, wife of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, serving as sponsor.   Construction moved forward and the carrier was commissioned on October 1, 1947, with Captain A.P. Storrs III in command.   The last carrier completed for the US Navy with a straight flight deck, Coral Sea completed its shakedown maneuvers and began operations on the East Coast. USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Early Service: After completing a midshipmen training cruise to the Mediterranean and Caribbean in the summer of 1948, Coral Sea resumed steaming off the Virginia Capes and took part in long-range bomber testing involving P2V-3C Neptunes.   On May 3, the carrier departed for its first overseas deployment with the US Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean.   Returning in September, Coral Sea aided in the activation of the North American AJ Savage bomber in early 1949 before making another cruise with the Sixth Fleet.   Over the next three years, the carrier moved through a cycle of deployments to the Mediterranean and home waters as well as was re-designated an attack aircraft carrier (CVA-43) in October 1952.   Like its two sister ships, Midway (CV-41) and Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42), Coral Sea did not participate in the Korean War.    In early 1953, Coral Sea trained pilots off the East Coast before again departing for the Mediterranean.   Over the next three years, the carrier continued a routine cycle of deployments to the region which saw it host a variety of foreign leaders such as Francisco Franco of Spain and King Paul of Greece.   With the beginning of the Suez Crisis in the fall of 1956, Coral Sea moved to the eastern Mediterranean and evacuated American citizens from the region.   Remaining until November, it returned to Norfolk in February 1957 before departing for Puget Sound Naval Shipyard to receive a SCB-110 modernization.   This upgrade saw Coral Sea receive an angled flight deck, enclosed hurricane bow, steam catapults, new electronics, removal of several anti-aircraft guns, and relocation of its elevators to deck edge. USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Pacific: Rejoining the fleet in January 1960, Coral Sea debuted the Pilot Landing Aid Television system the following year.   Allowing pilots to review landings for safety, the system quickly became standard on all American carriers.   In December 1964, following the Gulf of Tonkin Incident that summer, Coral Sea sailed for Southeast Asia to serve with the US Seventh Fleet.   Joining USS Ranger (CV-61) and USS Hancock (CV-19) for strikes against Dong Hoi on February 7, 1965, the carrier remained in the region as Operation Rolling Thunder began the following month.   With the United States increasing its involvement in the Vietnam War, Coral Sea continued combat operations until departing on November 1. USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Vietnam War: Returning to the waters of Vietnam from July 1966 to February 1967, Coral Sea then crossed the Pacific to its home port of San Francisco.   Though the carrier had officially been adopted as San Franciscos Own, the relationship proved icy due to the residents anti-war feelings.   Coral Sea continued to make annual combat deployments in July 1967-April 1968, September 1968-April 1969, and September 1969-July 1970.   In late 1970, the carrier underwent an overhaul and began refreshed training early the next year.   En route from San Diego to Alameda, a severe fire erupted in the communications rooms and began to spread before the heroic efforts of the crew extinguished the blaze.    With anti-war sentiment increasing, Coral Seas departure for Southeast Asia in November 1971 was marked by crew members taking part in a peace demonstration as well as protesters encouraging sailors to miss the ships departure.   Though an on-board peace organization existed, few sailors actually missed Coral Seas sailing.   While on Yankee Station in the spring of 1972, the carriers planes provided support as troops ashore battled the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive.   That May, Coral Seas aircraft took part in the mining of Haiphong harbor.   With the signing of the Paris Peace Accords in January 1973, the carriers combat role in the conflict ended.   After a deployment to the region that year, Coral Sea returned to Southeast Asia in 1974-1975 to aid in monitoring the settlement.   During this cruise, it aided Operation Frequent Wind prior to the fall of Saigon as well as provided air cover as American forces resolved the Mayaguez incident. USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Final Years: Reclassified as a multi-purpose carrier (CV-43) in June 1975, Coral Sea resumed peacetime operations.   On February 5, 1980, the carrier arrived in the northern Arabian Sea as part of the American response to the Iran Hostage Crisis.   In April, Coral Seas aircraft played a supporting role in the failed Operation Eagle Claw rescue mission.   After a final Western Pacific deployment in 1981, the carrier was transferred to Norfolk where it arrived in March 1983 after an around-the-world cruise.   Sailing south in early 1985, Coral Sea sustained damage on April 11 when it collided with the tanker Napo.   Repaired, the carrier departed for the Mediterranean in October.   Serving with the Sixth Fleet for the first time since 1957, Coral Sea took part in Operation El Dorado Canyon on April 15.   This saw American aircraft attack targets in Libya in response to various provocations by that nation as well as its role in terrorist attacks.    The next three years saw Coral Sea operate in both the Mediterranean and the Caribbean.   While steaming the latter on April 19, 1989, the carrier rendered aid to USS Iowa (BB-61) following an explosion in one of the battleships turrets.   An aging ship, Coral Sea completed its final cruise when it returned to Norfolk on September 30.   Decommissioned on April 26, 1990, the carrier was sold for scrap three years later.   The scrapping process was delayed several times due to legal and environmental issues but was finally completed in 2000.   Selected Sources DANFS: USS Coral Sea  (CV-43)NavSource: USS Coral Sea  (CV-43) USS Coral Sea  (CV-43) Association

Business Law- Law of Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Law- Law of Negligence - Essay Example Helen’s claim for her injuries and lost earnings against Metro plc. The issues in this case is whether Metro Plc owes Helen a duty of care for failing to secure the wood that passersby were supposed to use to cross over the holes they had dug. Furthermore, the other issue found in this case is to ascertain whether it was Metro Plc negligence, which led her to lose her earnings. The law applicable in this case is law of negligence; negligence is defined as the lack of use of reasonable care resulting into causing harm to the other person or property. Negligence occurs either when an individual does something that a reasonable person would not do or failing to do something that a reasonable man would. There are various precedents have been set over the years concerning the law of negligence. One of those precedents is good neighborship that was set in the case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson and another recent precedent, which is relevant to this case, is Caparo vs. Dickman (1990). Me tro Plc is liable for Helens’ injury since they could not have foreseen the accident. This is because they had already taken action into ensuring that the passersby would not suffer injury; however, their action did not prevent Helen from suffering personal injury. In Caparo vs. Dickman (1990), it was held that the principle of neighbourhood involved more than just a person who was in a contract with the defendant. In addition, there are three principles used to determine whether there is duty of care. The first principle is foreseeability of claimant being harmed, it is clear that the defendants had foreseen possible harm and had not taken enough action to ensure that passersby like Helen would not be at risk of harm. The other principle is the proximity between the defendant and the claimant. In this case, there is an aspect of neighbourhood between Helen and Metro plc since the defendants knew claimant and other passersby used the place. In Donoghue vs. Donoghue (1932), ju dge Atkin stated that a neighbour is not a person with whom one has physical closeness but one that is likely to be affected by the other person’s actions. The third principle of Caparo case states that a person can only be held to owe a duty of care if doing so is reasonable, fair and just. In the case of Helen vs. Metro plc, it was reasonable fair and just that the defendant ensured that the claimant and other passersby were not at risk. On the other claim of losing her earnings, Helen cannot blame Metro Plc this is because she spent more time in hospital because she was not served on arrival. Metro Plc could not have foreseen that she could have lost her earnings as a result, of their actions; therefore, they do not owe them a duty of care. In Spartan steel and Alloys Ltd V Martin & Co. Ltd (1873) it was held that economic loss can only be recoverable only if it results from physical damage that was caused by the defendant’s negligence (Harpwood, 2000). Helenâ€℠¢s claim against Hubble & Co. In this case, Helen is the claimant from Hubble & Co for negligence this is because she relied on the report that Hubble & Co prepared to buy more shares, and this led her into losing money since Bubble &Co’s report was wrong. The issues that arise from this case include whether Bubble &Co are liable since they were merely employees of Metro Plc the company that Helen owned shares. The law applicable in this case is pure economic loss negligence (Matthews, 2012).

French Literature in Translation (Tristan and Iseult) Essay

French Literature in Translation (Tristan and Iseult) - Essay Example Analyzing the translations of the French version of Tristan and Iseult, one can see that there were two main versions from the French poets of the twentieth century: Beroul and Thomas. These two versions differ in their presentation, style and in some of the scenes, though the theme and the plot were still the same. â€Å"Berouls romance was considered to be the uncourtly version, because it was less refined, and some of the scenes and the behaviors of the characters were brutal at times†¦On the other hand, Thomas wrote courtly version of the romance. Thomas was much more interested in the inner thoughts of the characters† (Joe, 1999). It makes clear the fact that there are differences between these two French versions. The reader/audience can feel the driving force which is yearning for union beyond the restrictions of time, physical passion and their own separate material existence while going through Tristan and Isolde. Through their death, lovers achieved the realization of divine love. In other words, through the world of divine love they receive the status of immortality. Death is presented as a great opportunity to reach the state of oneness forever. Iseult embraces death with full passion and she joins her lover in a mystical background. In the old stories the lovers were buried on the side of a chapel and believed to be regained life with self realization. Wagner, in his opera, demonstrates the events with necessary improvisations and as a result reader can see the historical elements of Western ideologies and principles about love and death is presented clearly in Tristan and Iseult. Wagner’s work underlines the fact that the story discusses serious sociological and psychological layers. The human relation (love between Tristan and Iseult) explores the elements of a great symphonic texture. Merging of the lovers is a perfect example of the

Research types and research strategies

Research types and research strategies Research Research is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting and revising facts. This intellectual investigation produces a greater knowledge of events, behaviors, theories, and laws and makes practical applications possible. The term research is also used to describe an entire collection of information about a particular subject, and is usually associated with the output of science and the scientific method. Research Types And Research Strategies Its necessary to choose the right type of research strategy that suits the research aim and objectives. Its considered to be very essential while doing a research. According to Saunders et al (2000) various research strategies are Survey, experimental, case study, ethnography, grounded theory, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies , action research and exploratory, descriptive and the explanatory studies. According to Collis and Hussey (2003) the research types are descriptive, exploratory, analytical and predictive research, applied and the basic research, quantitative and qualitative research and deductive research and inductive research. Before selecting the exact research strategy its important to have complete review about the above research strategies. Experiment is a form of classical type of research that which owes in natural sciences. According to Saunders et al. (2000) this research is suitable for research related to social science particularly to psychology. Survey is a form of deductive approach and this is a common strategy in business and management type of research. Survey is based on questionnaires with sizable population. Sizable population can be of any number from low numbers to large population in the city. It can be compared easily and is perceived authoritatively of people in general. The reason because why the survey based research is advised because it is understandable. It gives a good control the research process when conducting the survey based research. The data when collected by this strategy is not wide ranging as the other strategies. But however it is not the only strategy present for data collection. The prime disadvantage in using the questionnaire process is that it is not good for exploratory or othe r types of research which required large amount of open ended questions. But can be used in explanatory and descriptive types of research. Qualitative And Quantitative Methods The researcher adopts both qualitative and quantitative methods for data acquisition. Questionnaire technique is adopted for the quantitative method and semi structured interview for qualitative method. The Quantitative research methods were originally developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena. Examples of quantitative methods now well accepted in the social sciences include survey methods, laboratory experiments, formal methods and numerical methods such as mathematical modeling. This is primarily based on the measurements with the level of employee attitudes based on the topic. The qualitative research technique is widely used in the business management. The strengths of quantitative method are helps to state the research problem in very specific and it helps to achieve high level of reliability of gathered data due to controlled surveys and other form of research manipulations. The questionnaire is prepared by the author and distributed to the respondents to collect the data for the research. It involves the use of survey in gathering information about the groups view regarding the effectiveness of the firm. All Staffs from top management down to the junior staff participate in the survey feedback. Once the data are collected from the respondents it is organized by the researcher to used it in the research. The kind of information needed for the research is evaluated with necessary conversations with the respondents of an organization. For this research the primary research methods are used to collect data from National Food Products Company (NFPC). From different Quantitative methodologies, questionnaire method will be used for thi s research for collecting the primary data from NFPC. The questionnaire is designed based on the research objectives and it will be distributed to the staffs of NFPC for collecting the primary data of this research. Research Design A research design is the logical and systematic planning and directing a place of research. A research design is considered as the framework or plan for the study that guides as well as helps the data collection and analysis of the data. Sampling The first work of sampling is identifying and defining precisely the population to be sampled. The sample is any part of the population regardless of whether is representative or not. The most difficult task in selecting a sample is to define the population by appropriate technique, which makes sure that the sample is the representative of the population and the outcome of the data is not biased in any way. Since, it is usually impossible to select the actual sample size a generalization is used but the researcher has to make sure that the representative sample is generalization of the whole sample. Even before the researcher has started his analysis, he should not have a biased outcome in his mind because this might alter the outcome of the whole sample. In order to draw representative samples from which valid generalization can be made to the population, a number technique can be used. The most frequently used sampling technique by the student researcher is the random sample. Here, after identifying the population, a representative sample can be drawn. Here, each member of the population of the equal chance of being selected and selection of one object is independent of the selection of any other. The research sampling also involves another type sampling method of cluster sampling. Here, the sample size would include a group as a unit. The group has similarities to the representative of the whole sample. However in the cluster, sampling method is not much helpful to the researcher if it is wide spread across a huge geographical area. Both random sampling and cluster sampling i n this research, would sample representative of completely different people of the society thus, both methods are essential for the research. Data Collection And Analysis The main modes of data collection are primary and secondary methods. Primary Data The primary data are those data which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happens to be original in character. There are several methods of collecting primary data. Observation Method Interview Method Through questionnaires Through schedules etc. Secondary Data Secondary data means data that are already available ie: they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else. When the research needs secondary data, then he has to look into various sources from where he can obtain them. Secondary data may be either: Published or unpublished data or records. Company brochures and other books offering relevant information for the study Company web sites. Questionnaire Method Questionnaires will be designed and distributed to the large number of potential respondents for collecting the primary data. It will be used for collecting large number of reviews to allow statistical analysis of the results. The extraction of information from the respondents depends on the well designed questionnaire. Questionnaire is prominent method of collecting primary data. Questionnaire will contain multiple choice and open ended questions is described by Graziano and Raulin (2006). For this research multiple choice questions will be used to collect more response from respondents the success of data collection is indeed dependent on design of questionnaire and the careful selection of questions. Questionnaire is one of the most reliable forms of collecting primary data. A questionnaire is an excellent information provider. No research is complete without a well designed questionnaire. If the questionnaire is not properly structured it could lead to inconclusive information hence logical thinking, correct language and transparently of the questionnaire is essential. The Questionnaire Transcript will be attached in Appendix-I for reference. Sample Size The size of the sample chosen for survey is 60 respondents. The researcher distributed questionnaire to the employees of Grade 5 above, to know about their view on the performance appraisal conducted in the company. Universe Of Study National Food Products Company, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Topic Of Study The topic of study is entitled as â€Å"Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal System in National Food Product Company (NFPC), Abu Dhabi, UAE.† Scope Of Study The number of Samples elements for Questionnaire survey is 60, these are respect to the area of the research within NFPC, UAE. The company mainly has divided their employees in different grades. Grade 1- 4: Cleaners, Kitchen Helper, Sales Helper, Production Helper, Garage Helper, Operators (machine), Tea boys, Drivers. Grade 5 and above: Foreman, HR assistant, Secretaries, Coordinators Supervisors and Senior Accountants, Assistant Managers and above. In this report, Grade 5 and above employees are taken into consideration. The respondents were, Manager of different departments of NFPC namely MILCO, LACNOR, PLASTIC and also their supervisors and foremans. Respondents from departments namely Human Resource, Accounts, Public Relations and Purchasing were also taken. The Questionnaire will be distributed directly to the employees of the company in the printed format giving prior introduction about the research in brief. Summary As explained in this chapter the quantitative – questionnaire methods will be used in this research for collecting the primary data. In the next chapter primary data which is collected from NFPC, UAE using the selected research methodologies will be discussed by the researcher with related charts. Objectives Of The Study To study about the present Performance Appraisal system in National Food Product Company, UAE. To study about the effectiveness of Performance appraisal system adopted in NFPC, UAE. To identify the appropriate frequency considered by present performance appraisal adopted by NFPC, UAE. To find out the preferences regarding methods of Performance appraisal system adopted in NFPC, UAE in future. To draw inferences based on the study. Limitations The study is confined itself to only one organization namely, National Food Products Company, (NFPC), UAE, as such the findings of the study cannot be generalized to other undertakings because it may not be reliable as the work environment may vary from one place to another. Time constraints of some respondents forced them to give casual response without evaluating the questions seriously because of their busy schedule of given task accomplishment in the organization. The number of respondents was limited to 60 respondents because of the busy schedule of the staff and did not respond to the questionnaire. Due to companys policies, certain information was not shared. The response given by the respondents may be biased.

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario Essay

Throughout the years Ontario has become a very multicultural province, meaning all schools are multicultural. Recently the government of Ontario has thought about the idea of having schools that are race-specific. These schools would only be open for a specific race and base it on the abilities of that race. Could a school like this work in our multicultural society? There are many people today that would not agree with this decision for many reasons. Society believes that these schools will not prepare students for the real world; they are an old-fashion idea. The Canadian dream is to be multi-cultural but an inclusive place. This idea of race based schools is looked down upon in this society. People think that making schools for specific races will not prepare students when they enter the real world after finishing high school. Going to race-specific school students will only be taught about the culture, and history of their own country. Also, they will be taught about the history of their race in Canada, and what their people have done that has impacted our history. This is not right because they need to learn about what every race did that impacted our history. Since we are now living in a multicultural county. Zanana Akande, an Ontario Legislature speaks on black focussed schools and says â€Å"The situation in which we live, work and raise our kids is not a segregated one, it is an integrated one. † When these students finish high school they will be so use to dealing with people of their own kind, it will be difficult for them to interact with others. Therefore these schools will not prepare them for the future in for university/collage and in the workplace. In all these institutions people are of all races, and cultures, so they need to learn how to treat, and speak to these people. The idea of having race-specific schools is archaic. In a modern multi-cultural society this would be moving a step in the opposite direction. Ontario is trying to move up culturally, but this would just move the province back. In many institutions they have programs that speak against racism, and try to prove that everyone is equal, and is able bodied to intake the same amount of knowledge and information. Making these schools would bring back the racism into our country, and go against all these racism acts. This would bring us back into time, where racism was part of the norm. Students should be learning in an environment where they are surrounded by people of different race. Dalton Mcguinty speaks on black focused schools and says â€Å"I think our shared responsibility is to look for ways to bring people together. † (Toronto star). We should not be moving backwards, but rather move forward to a better system and society.

Ways to Promote a Sustainable Living

Ways to promote a sustainable living What is sustainable living? Sustainable living is to live in way to those values and respects the natural systems and species that co-exist on this earth by reducing the usage of Earth’s natural resources. A sustainable society can protect the future generations without the depletion of our Earth’s natural resources and coexistence with the flora and fauna. Sustainable design and sustainable developments are the main factors to sustainable living. First of all, we should educate the younger ones about the importance of living sustainably. The government can enforce a new curriculum to the school whereby the students will be educated and examined on the understanding of sustainable living. Moreover educational internships can be offered by nonprofit organization or government so that our young and bright generation can contribute to sustainable development and sustainable design. Secondly, we could also encourage the citizens to conserve water, electricity, petrol, reduction the emission of greenhouse gas at home. For example, after washing the rice, the water could be used to water the plants. Moreover, use the dish washer and washing machine whenever possible as it can save water. Citizens should car pool more often or finding alternative ways of transport such as bus, light rail transit, bicycle or monorail as it will be able to reduce the usage of petrol and the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment. Furthermore, people are encouraged to fix solar power on their rooftop as it uses the sunlight which is a renewable resource to generate electricity for the entire household. Thirdly, changing the way we eat also helps to promote a sustainable living. This is because the industrial meat production also involves high environmental costs such as soil erosion, land degradation and depletion of natural resources. Reducing the meat consumption by eating more vegetables will be able to reduce the environmentally industrial meat production. Beside this, urban gardening and organic farming should be introduce and promoted to all the citizens as it does need to use tremendous applications of nitrogen fertilizer to grow plants. Growing more plants at the backyard of your house will also encourage the citizens to eat more organic plants instead of meat. Finally, nonprofit organization can host and sponsors special events throughout the year, with festival, conferences and community gathering. For example we have campaigns such as Go Green which encourages people to use recyclable bags instead of using plastic bags, Earth Day whereby for a certain period of time we will switch of the usage electricity of the whole house. Moreover, nonprofit organization should provide resource center with information about the events in the area that promote sustainable living. Knowledge is power and enables the consumer to make wiser choices and to re-create their life and achieve sustainable living without losing comfort and joy. The earth needs a change, the world is hurting because of over usage and because of unwise decisions of humanity.