The California s Prison System - 990 Words

California’s prison system is facing a number of infrastructure changes as a result of a judicial decision that came down from the United States Supreme Court, Governor of California et al v. Plata et al. California’s prison system was deemed inadequate and dangerous due to severe overcrowding which led to â€Å"needless suffering and death† (Rogan, 2012, 262). The court ruled that the State must reduce the number of inmates in California’s thirty-three state prisons. This ruling came about after two class-action lawsuits were filed, Coleman v. Wilson in 1990 and Plata v. Davis in 2001 (Rogan, 2012, 261). These lawsuits were filed by inmates that claimed they received poor medical and mental health care within the State’s prison health care system (Vicini, 2011,1). The evidence presented in these cases showed several shortcomings in California s prison health care system (Rogan, 2012, 264). These shortfalls were a result of severe overcrowding within California’s thirty-three state prisons. At its peak in 2006, California’s prisons were filled with approximately 172,000 inmates. However, these prisons were designed to hold about 80,000 individuals (Vicini, 2011, 3). At that point, State prisons were filled at 215% over capacity. Because of overcrowding, prison inmates faced chronic and severe shortages in basic medical and mental health care services (Vicini, 2011, 1). Despite attempts by the CDCR and the legislature to reduce the prison population between 2006 and 2011, theShow MoreRelatedPrison Overcrowding And California s Correctional System1651 Words   |  7 PagesPrison overcrowding has caused many complications to California’s Correctional System. To resolve this issue, â€Å"[o]n April 5, 2011, California Governor Jerry Brown signed into law AB 109, the ‘2011 Realignment Legislation Addressing Public Safety’†¦, whichâ₠¬ ¦ shifted responsibility from the state to the counties for tens of thousands of offenders,† (Abarbanel et al., 2013, 1). This law was put in action was because of overcrowding in state prison and it was affecting a variety of crucial programs thatRead MoreSecurity Threat Groups/Gangs in Prisons Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHead: SECURITY THREAT GROUPS/GANGS IN PRISONS Security Threat Groups/Gangs in Prisons Nicole Sage Kaplan University CJ130-03 Nancy Thode January 18, 2011 Security Threat Groups/Gangs in Prisons In our prison systems today, many different gangs pose a threat to our correctional staff and other inmates. In the United States, gangs exist in forty of the fifty states. These gangs bring violence, drug trafficking and racial unrest to our correctional system. The Aryan Brotherhood was formedRead MoreFinancial Contingency Planning1732 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Financial Contingency Planning: Sources of Funding AJS/522 May 12 2014 Adam Eaton Financial Contingency Planning: Sources of Funding California has the largest prison population in the United States and some countries around the world. For over 40 years, the incarceration levels have risen. The prison rates have risen 700 percent since 1970, today it is estimated that one in 100 adults are incarcerated. Who pays the bill for this large increase, tax payers have and will continueRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding998 Words   |  4 PagesPrison overcrowding has been seen as an issue since the early 1990’s in California. It all began when California began to aggressively increased sentencing in the late 1980’s and 1990’s in response to a nationwide fear about crime rates. During this time period California â€Å"enacted more than 1,000 laws that increased sentencing in a five-year span to settle these fears† (Fuchs). The effect of these laws resulted in a high prison population when California prisons reached a number of 173,000 by 2007Read MoreHow The Cuts Should Be Legal1713 Words   |  7 Pages Kristie Cass Political Science 10 December , 2014 Make The Cut Reduce Spending in California s prison system . When we as state are spending more to house a single convicted felon for a year than we are spending to educate one student per year it clearly is time to reevaluate the budget . It is time to make cuts that not only will save taxpayersRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1572 Words   |  7 Pagessociety to stir up continue to expand every day. Some of these issues include the educational system, healthcare laws, unemployment and economic situations, not to mention the ongoing water drought crisis†¦all of which are major dilemmas in California. One major dilemma, however, is often ignored. Over the past 30 odd years, California’s prison population has grown by 750 percent (â€Å"California’s Perpetuating Prison Crisis†). As this percentage perpetuates to make substantial gains, inmates are sufferingRead MoreIncarceration Of Americ The United States1487 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration in America The United States has the largest prison population in the world. The U.S.’s path to our over population has been decades in the making. â€Å"The United States makes up about 4 percent of the world’s population, and it accounts for 22 percent of the world’s prison population.† (Lopez). Prison over population is a growing concern within our society creating and contributing factors include longer sentences, rising costs, prison gangs, rapes, racism and mental health issues. As theRead MoreThe Treatment Of The Mentally Ill1581 Words   |  7 Pagesin a prison cell to be forgotten. Despite the success of Dorothea Dix in solving the problems with adverse conditions in the prison system, we have come full circle and are currently back where we started over a century ago. There has been so much focus put on housing the mentally ill, we have all but forgotten about any type of treatment plans to help the overall growing problem. The handling of the mentally ill in the prison system was on a collision course with the Court. Most of the prison systemsRead More235764916 CJA 394 Week 1 Criminal Justice Overview Paper SAMPLE page only1665 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Select one of the following issues: †¢ Racial profiling †¢ Prison overcrowding †¢ The war on drugs †¢ Increased use of technology †¢ Cultural diversity Write a 1,050- to 1,705-word paper addressing how your selected issue affects the criminal justice system as a whole. †¢ Describe some of the change(s) the criminal justice system as a whole has made in response to the issue you selected. †¢ Include your opinion on whether the changes are sufficient. Should more changes be made, and if so, what changesRead MoreSecurity Threat Groups And Prison Gangs1665 Words   |  7 PagesSecurity threat groups and prison gangs are responsible for a lot of the crimes that occur in prison. Well-organized and highly structured prison gangs who have leaders and influences have been around decades. Gangs in prison can be described as groups whose activities pose a real threat to the safety of the institutional staff and other inmates and also to security of the correctional institution (Beth, 1991). These gangs always have strong leaders and use that leadership role to their advantage

DaVinvi The last Supper Essay - 694 Words

The Last Supper has been and will be one of the most talked about works of Leonardo Da Vinci’s work of art. The work of art was started in 1495 and was completed in 1498; it contained the event depicted in the bible as the final days when Jesus announced that he would be betrayed by one of his twelve disciples.† Leonardo had chosen to depict the moment when Jesus says, â€Å"One of you will betray me†.1 The painting is located in the dining hall of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan Italy. The painting was commissioned by Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza. The painting it self has a massive presence of 15 feet high by 29 feet wide. Even though most facts stated that the painted was not completed until three years after it was started. It was also†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, the work of art The Last Supper was not able to stand the test of time. This untried method at the time caused the painting to begin deterioration within twenty year of completion. The outcome was that the pigment began to break loose from its base causing the masterpiece to decay over time. Most blame the brick wall it was painted on because of the changes in the wall due to temperature, humidity and moisture which all affected the pigments of paint and the base it was painted on. Many different design elements went into the work of The Last Supper. Elements such as one point perspective, chiaroscuro, lighting, and atmospheric perspective where used to create this art work. The one point perspective used Jesus’ head as the vantage point of the painting, which was also used as some say a source of light. The head of Jesus also seems to be a source of light for the whole painting. The head was placed in front of the largest window in the painting. In this window and other to the side of the one main one was the element atmospheric perspective, which used techniques such as brightness, manipulations of cool and warm colors, and color saturation, to show the depth of the painting. The techniques of chiaroscuro which is the gradual shifting from light to dark over curved surfaces using successive graduation of tones, it was mainly used on many of the faces and feet and arms of Jesus and his apostil’s. This was used to show the human like

Case Study Commonlaw free essay sample

Identify the areas of law that are relevant to the chosen media report, and explain how they are relevant to the matters outlined in the report. This article reports on the security/safety issues surrounding a vacant Peppermint Grove mansion. The mansion is unable to be sold by Radhika and Pankaj Oswell due to unresolved issues regarding unpaid taxes of up to $186 million. Contract Law Earning money in Australia, a contract is entered into with the Australian Tax Office (ATO) to pay taxes according to the amount of income being made. As there has been a dispute with Mrs Oswell owing the ATO a very large sum of money, there is an issue regarding contract law, as she is obligated to pay the money that she owes. Criminal Law Neighbours have reported that the vacant mansion has been used for many loud parties, this is a form of trespassing which is a breach in the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Commonlaw or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If caught offenders could be prosecuted with either jail time or a fine, depending on whether damage to the property has occurred or not. Property Law The Oswell’s case also involves property law. The ATO has put a freeze on the property meaning that until the dispute has been settled, the Oswell’s are not allowed to sell the property. Nearby residents are now claiming that the responsibility of monitoring and securing the building falls to the ATO, furthermore an online survey showed that the public is in favour of converting the vacant property into something of community benefit as the missing $186 million was effectively owed to the other tax payers. 2. Demonstrate how the law functions in these various ways, by reference to specific examples within the chosen media report and the areas of law you identified in question 1. Ensures reasonable predictability in daily life; A contract is a good example of reasonable predictability in daily life, as it is expected that people will follow what is put forth in said contract. An example from the article is the money owed by Mrs Oswell to the ATO. When people begin to earn enough income to begin paying their taxes they enter into a contract with the ATO, stating that they will pay their taxes. That being the case, the prediction would be that Mrs Oswell would pay the $186 million owed to the ATO. Encourages and discourages certain conduct; Criminal law can be used to discourage certain conduct. An example to be taken from the article can be the rangers the council has patrolling the vacant property. If these rangers were able to catch out the children trespassing on the private property they would be able to discourage the behaviour. This could be done with either a warning or a fine. Both of which will add an element of criminal law to their behaviour, thus discouraging them from doing it. Grants rights and powers to individuals and groups of people; Tort Law is a good example of granting rights to individuals. In the article there is mention of assumptions that the ATO has put third party insurance on the property, as the property is an â€Å"accident waiting to happen† as there is unfinished staircases without railing and various building materials around the place. As this is only an assumption and not a known fact, if someone was to get hurt inside on this property, they would be able to sue under tort law as the ATO is liable for the property in its current state. Tort law has granted the individual the right to compensation for their injuries. Imposes obligations on individuals / organisations to meet their legal responsibility; Contract law can also be used as an example of a law to impose an obligation on an individual in relation to a legal responsibility. The article states that Mrs Oswell had a discrepancy with the ATO regarding a sum of $186 million. There is a contract formed with the ATO by all tax payers that they will pay the amount of tax that is owed at the right time. That being the case, that Mrs Oswell has a legal obligation to pay the $186 million owed to the ATO. Allows for the enforcement of recognised rights and duties; Criminal law can also be used an as example of the enforcement of recognised rights and duties. It is an accepted duty for all people to follow the law, it is also an accepted right for everyone to feel safe. Both of these things can be enforced with criminal law. For example if people breach other’s rights to feel safe or simply choose not to follow the law, they can be prosecuted through criminal law. For example in the article the rangers who inspect the vacant property have the ability to enforce the recognised duties of the surrounding community which is to not trespass on the private property. Provides remedies when an injustice has been done. Tort law also provides an example in this function of the law. An example from the article can be seen from the surrounding the property labelling it an accident waiting to happen. If someone was to get hurt on this property, tort law would provide the remedy to the injustice which is lack of security and carelessness in leaving the area unsafe. Tort law would allow for compensation to occur. 3. By reference to the legal issues contained in the chosen media report, explain why it was important for the relevant party/parties to know the law in the circumstances? How did, or could, the party/parties have applied the law to their advantage? Knowledge of the law not only allows us to know what we are able to do, but also what we are prohibited to do. The Oswell’s need to know what the law is regarding their unpaid taxes, specifically because they have claimed to not be returning to Perth in the future and whether or not they can be charged with tax evasion under criminal law. The teenagers throwing parties in the vacant block need to know what they can be charged with in regards to trespassing and damage of property, as well as possible underage drinking and drug use. The ATO must have sufficient knowledge on property law in regards to the freeze they put on the Oswell’s vacant property and the rights and responsibilities that come with that. For example, third party insurance, security and monitoring of the property. 4. How do the media influence public perceptions about the law and its administration? How might public pressure impact legislators and judges in establishing the law? The media has a massive influence on the opinions and perceptions that people form. They are able to spin a story in any way and are very good at persuading people to feel certain things. For example media cartoons displaying the similarities between police officers and pigs were extremely popular in recent years along with many articles depicting people being unnecessarily beaten by police who then got away with it. Because there is so many outlets for the media to display their content it is easy for them to put across a successfully persuasive message. Public pressure could impact legislators in such a way that with enough pressure they have the ability to change the outcomes of events. For example, large protests and petitions could cause enough public pressure on a legislator to have another look at a certain aspect of a law. Reference List MacDonald, Kim. 2014. â€Å"Call to monitor party mansion. † The West Australian, January 8.

The Effects of Literary, Spiritual and Scientific Concerns on Bodegones and Still Life Paintings during the Spanish Golden Age

Introduction Still paintings and bodegones were very popular during the Spanish golden age. Still paintings and bodegones are artistic works that are at times characterized by inanimate representations. During the Spanish golden era, they were usually portrayed by the arrangement of objects in such anesthetic manner. Unlike those of the rest of Europe that portrayed pleasure, luxurious and flamboyant lifestyles of plentitude, the Spanish still paintings and bodegones had moral and economical cost cutting elements (Thacker, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Literary, Spiritual and Scientific Concerns on Bodegones and Still Life Paintings during the Spanish Golden Age specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was because of the major influence of spiritual and scientific concerns of the time which in turn affected the much fancied literature works. The backgrounds were made in a geometrically design ed blocks. Economic management, budgeting and cost cutting as emphasized in the society of the time were reflected in the paintings. The Portrait of Pope Innocent X Diego Velà ¡zquez did this Painting. The painter had been mainly influenced by religion in his early paintings and was done when the Spanish painter visited Italy. The painting reflected the respected and charismatic leader of the Catholic Church. The painting mainly represented the head, which had been expertly drawn using the aesthetic variety of the combinations of the crimson curtain. Due to the influence of the church, other artists redrew the painting in imitative style numerous times and Diego’s fame rapidly spread all over Italy. Before making the painting Diego had to prove that he was capable of painting the image of the pope with success. He was required to first paint the Pope’s closest associates which he did with success and hence allowed to make this portrait. The portrait is considered by m any as one of the finest and most surreal painting ever to be made. For an artist to be permitted an audience with the Pope, he had to be very renowned and widely acclaimed. For all artists, it was a life long dream to paint the pope. During this time, the church had a widespread influence on all sectors. The portrait was preserved where it continues to fascinate those who get a glimpse at it. Still life with Lemons oranges and a rose This masterpiece, which is still at display at the Norton Simon Museum, is a classical representation of the scientific and spiritual influence on the paintings of the Spanish golden era. The background is silhouetted against pitch darkness being illuminated by a kind of glaring dazzling unearthly light. It portrays the images as if they are in three dimensions though they are in two dimensions. Zurbaran, the artist behind the awesome painting, is best remembered for his classical paintings of spiritual figures. He was fond of painting saints and his p aintings depicted the saints’ devotion, dedication, and visions(Walther Suckale, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many critics have interpreted this still life image of lemons oranges and a rose to represent innocence and virginity. The citrons are said to be paschal fruit, chastity suggested by the blossoming appealing oranges, the rose and the cup filled with water as a symbol of life full of abundant, unconditional love and purity. The arrangement of the items is in such way they have been closely linked with the votive Christian offerings on an altar. Deus Pictor During the Spanish Golden Era, the notion that the Virgin Mary at the time of her conception had been exempted from the original sin was the dominant controversial topic. In Deus Pictor by an anonymous painter the concept of Immaculate, non-physical sexual Conception is clearly represented. The setting of the painting is set in heaven. God the Father has been depicted to take the form of an old bearded man and it is from this old man that rays of light are seen to originate, piercing through the cloud straight into the virgin. The virgin is contained in an eggshell and the finger of the creator is seen to pierce through the egg touching on the virgin The finger of God theme, which still circulates the modern world, is seen to be what the artist is implying about in this painting. The finger of God is said to work and perform wonders of which is what the artist portrays in the painting. The virgin is represented as a will and work of God of which the phrase the begotten son seem to imply here. The painting is a clear representation of the widespread influence of the church and the emphasis on appealing literature works. The virgin is portrayed as having a direct connection with heaven, a notion upheld up to date and people plead to the virgin to mediate on their behalf especially the Cath olics. This painting is also a symbol of how the virgin is divinely created and her conception a supernatural phenomena. This painting’s representation of the virgin as having direct link with heaven also represents the people’s high regard of the virgin and the notion of Immaculate Conception. Bodegon of Sanchez Cotan Sanchez was the main person behind the establishment and popularization of Spanish still life, which came to be popularly referred to as bodegon. In his painting, he masterfully illustrates the depiction of simple fruits and vegetables. He uses the scientific geometry to portray some as hanging from above while others appear leaning on the window. The background is darkened with all objects standing in asymmetrical equilibrium stature. The forms are arranged, scrutinized, and set in such a scientific evaluation that they take a mystic quality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Literary, Spiritual and Scientific Concern s on Bodegones and Still Life Paintings during the Spanish Golden Age specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The painting by Sanchez portrays the objects, which is the vegetables and different fruit types, in the painting to be independent of one another and isolated. The isolation provides for the revelation of the aesthetic nature of each object. The painting is able to reveal to the audience the most common fruits and vegetables of the time. Just like the other Spanish still image paintings, this classic painting by Sanchez depicts the scientific method used at the time for the preservation of foodstuffs. Food was hang and allowed to dangle so as to prevent them from rotting. This is a common feature of the classical Spanish golden age paintings as this was the science of the time. The Portrait of Philip IV Diego Velazquez painted the magnificent portrait of the art loving monarch, King Philip IV. This immediately earned him favour in th e eyes of the king and consequently he was appointed as a court painter, which was a prestigious post. His post enabled him to have access to even the royal works and collections. He was also able to access the works of the legendary artist, Titan. These works by Titan exerted the greatest influence on his later paintings. However, limited scientific innovations and advancement made the images made create an illusion of reality. This though at times remarkable, owed to the qualities of light as the source could not be diversified like can be done today using the reflective nature of light. The drawing of the king’s portrait enabled him to travel all over Europe as a collector of fine art for the royal family when the king was interested at adding his existing collection. He became a close friend of the king, which eventually led to him influencing greatly on the decisions of the king. It was also at his trip to Italy on an official mission for the king that he made the portra it of the Pope. The Pope was a very influential individual both spiritually and politically. Since the scientific advancements of the time did not afford him sophisticated brushes, he is said to have used the long handed brushes. The Pope was very intrigued and impressed by the dazzling and admirable portrait that Diego was subsequently admitted to the church owned academy of St Luke. This was a great honour to Diego who was also hosted at the congregation of the famous Virtuosi of pantheon. Scientific and Literature’s Effect on the Paintings Science and technology has affected the character of human beings throughout history. The Spanish golden age is characterized as an era that was experiencing renaissance after the dormant Middle Ages. Though not significant, scientific endeavours were still evolving. The images painted during that era especially the still images had common characteristics. Foodstuffs are painted dangling to illustrate the main preservative methods of the time. (Wilder, 2007)Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The buildings and architectural designs of the time directly affected the art industry. There was also the desire to decorate the large buildings erected. Since there were no cameras for pictures, paintings were the major decorative tools. The monarch had established the art department, which had even the art court. Painters got resources from the state to decorate the newly built structures with beautiful piece of art. Painting was recognized by the state with funds set aside for painting expenditures. Painting requires beautiful colours for an exemplary piece of art to be produced. Colours inventory and production was the work of science. The colours produced by scientific methods were the only one available for use and thus the artistic products were partially determined by science. Unlike in other European countries, Spanish economics emphasized the need for saving and people shunning flamboyant lifestyle. Therefore, the painting found in Spain did not depict luxurious wasteful, pleasure loving lifestyle. Poems and other literature art were very influential during the Spanish golden age. Poems were recited to the nobles and in public functions. Paintings to aid poets in their expression of ideas became a very popular. Poetry was a lucrative occupation and thus artists who associated themselves with literature works got hefty rewards. This thus attracted many artists The Church’s Patronage and Influence During the Spanish golden era, the church was the most influential body in almost all sectors. Due to his exemplary painting of the Pope, the Pope who was residing in Italy instructed the papal nuncio all the way in Madrid Spain to support and aid Diego using all means possible in his quest of becoming a knight. Consequently, on returning to Spain, the artist was appointed to the office of chamberlain despite fierce opposition by members of nobility. The appointment guaranteed him a handsome lucrative salary with his residence adjacent and connecting with the royal palace. In return, Diego used his prestigious post to advance the careers of other artists like that of his close family members. He is said to have helped his grandchildren and son-in law tremendously in an effort to polish their skills. Velazquez is known to have been greatly influenced by religion. In fact one of his paintings depicting of a scenario of Mary and Martha in advocacy of self sacrifice that has been used in the description of the life of a nun. The portrait was used to show that apart from serving diligently, a nun has also a contemplative meditative life. Due to religion, most of his paintings revealed the spiritual empathy the great artist employed in explaining the nature of people. His paintings were thus intended to make the audience engage in reflective, logical analysis if one was to arrive at the intended message. The church at the time can be termed as having been the superpower. The church like the state used art to express and represent its teachings and the belief in the spiritual nature of humankind was emphasized. The birth of Jesus Christ was stressed to be a manifestation of the Holy Spirit. During this period, which in history is referred to as the Middle Ages or medieval epoch, the Church was both respected and feared (Bailey, 1913). It was both spiritually and legally binding with a huge army to enforce its decisions. The church was thus not to be opposed. If one was disgruntled, then it was advisable to keep it to oneself than be in conflict with the church as one was to be executed or excommunicated. This authoritarian nature of the church is one of the main reasons for the split of the Protestants. Since the church was very influential especially in Spain, it is automatic that most of the artists were Roman Catholic faithful and their faith led them to painting mostly about spiritually approved images. In Spain, unlike some of the European countries, obscene art was rare as was portrayed as going against the religious teachings. Those paintings that were pleasing and admired by the church resulted to big and lucrative rewards. The fame, of the artist with the finest piece of work according to the church, skyrocketed and saw more contracts and respect. The influences of the church in the destiny of an artist, attracted many artists in painting spiritual events in an effort to earn a favour in the eyes of the church. Conclusion In the epoch of the Spanish golden age, the church, scientific endeavours and literature were the three most influential factors of the time. These fields affected how people thought and any activities in these areas were prioritized. The paintings made in epoch of the Spanish golden era, are held with high regards in the contemporary modern world and the artists of the time are considers the giants of painting and have become inspiration figures of modern art. Scientific use of geometrical calculations and alignments is evidenced in most of the paintings of the t ime (De Armas, 2004). The science of time was closely related with the church. The church and science of the time held the notion that the earth was the centre of the solar system. Therefore, most of the paintings about the universe put the earth at the centre. Primary Reference List Bailey, T. Twelve great paintings: personal interpretation. New York: The Prang Company, 1913, PP 37-46. De Armas., A. Writing for the Eyes in the Spanish Golden Age. New Jersey: Rosemont Publishing Printing Corp, 2004, PP 150-180. Thacker, J. A Companion to Golden Age Theatre. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2007 PP 108- 130. Secondary Reference List Walther, F., Suckale, R. Masterpieces of Western Art: A History of Art in 900 Individual Studies. Bonn: Taschen, 2002, PP 198- 220. Wilder, B. Art History For Dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2007, PP 167- 207. This essay on The Effects of Literary, Spiritual and Scientific Concerns on Bodegones and Still Life Paintings during the Spanish Golden Age was written and submitted by user Adrianna Houston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Alcohol Misuse Among Minors UK essays

Alcohol Misuse Among Minors UK essays Alcoholic drinks, in todays society, have become an accepted part of social life. However, when alcohol is mixed with driving, catastrophic consequences can occur. In fact, 1 in 5 fatal accidents on our roads are directly related to alcohol. Is our government doing enough to deter people from drinking and driving? Each week, around 11 people die from driving above the legal limit, just under half of whom being people other than the drink drivers themselves. A further 300 people are injured. An additional number of people are also killed or injured as a result of driving with a raised blood alcohol limit, but are still within the law. The current legal limit is 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. According to the law, driving with this amount of alcohol can mean 12-18 months disqualification or up to 6 months imprisonment, one of the most lenient sentences in the European Union. This, in my opinion, is unacceptable. In Europe, strict laws, high-impact anti-drink driving campaigns and extensive education on the effects of alcohol are the reason for the high standards of driving and the low alcohol related mortality rates. In my opinion, that is exactly the type of approach Britain should be taking to combat drink driving. More police power and more frequent breathalysing would target the high risk offenders, who fall into the category of 19-24 year old males, while a higher amount and standard of drugs and alcohol education for 11-16 year olds would provoke future drivers to reconsider driving while intoxicated. The education which I received on alcohol and drug abuse was minimal and ineffective. There was little, if any, mention of drink driving. The government, in fact, seems to be doing little to oppose the issue. I feel certain that a more thorough written paper as part of the driving exam to ensure people know the risks of alcohol when driving would be beneficial. I do acknowledge, how...

The Vb.Net Sender and e Event Parameters

The Vb.Net Sender and e Event Parameters In VB6, an event subroutine, like Button1_Click, was much less complicated because the system called the subroutine strictly by name. If a Button1_Click event existed, the system called it. Its direct and straightforward. But in VB.NET, there are two major upgrades that make VB.NET SOOPercharged (thats OOP for Object Oriented Programming). The Handles clause controls whether the system calls the subroutine, not the name.The sender and e parameters are passed to the subroutine. Use of Parameters Lets look at a simple example to see the difference that parameters make in VB.NET. Private Sub Button1_Click( ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs ) Handles Button1.Click Your code goes hereEnd Sub Event subroutines always receive a sender object and a system EventArgs parameter e. Because the EventArgs parameter is an object, it supports whatever properties and methods are necessary. For example, the old VB6 MouseMove event subroutine used to receive four parameters: Button As IntegerShift As IntegerX As SingleY As Single When more advanced mice came out with more buttons, VB6 had a real problem supporting them. VB.NET only passes one MouseEventArgs parameter but it supports a lot more properties and methods. And each of them are objects that support even more. For example, the e.Button property contains all these properties: LeftMiddleRightNoneXButton1XButton2 If someone invents a trancendental mouse with a virtual button, VB.NET will only have to update the .NET Framework to support it and no previous code will break as a result. There are a number of .NET technologies that absolutely depend on these parameters. For example, since your PC usually only has a single screen to display graphics, your code has to merge the graphics it creates into the same image used by Windows. For that reason, a single graphics object has to be shared. The major way that your code is able to use that graphics object is to use the e parameter that is passed to the OnPaint event with the PaintEventArgs object. Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint( ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs) Dim g As Graphics e.Graphics Other Examples What else can you do with these parameters? To illustrate, suppose you want to find whether a string, perhaps something you entered into a Textbox, exists in any one of a collection of other Textboxes when you click on one. You could code a few dozen virtually identical subroutines for each Textbox: If TextBox42.Text.IndexOf( SearchString.Text) -1 Then NotFound.Text Not Found But its a lot easier to code just one and let it handle all of them. The sender parameter will reveal which Textbox was clicked. Private Sub FindIt( ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs ) Handles TextBox1.Enter, TextBox2.Enter, . . . and on and on . . . TextBox42.Enter Dim myTextbox As TextBox myTextbox sender Dim IndexChar As Integer myTextbox.Text.IndexOf( SearchString.Text) If IndexChar -1 Then _ NotFound.Text Not Found _ Else _ NotFound.Text Found It! End Sub Recently, a programmer asked me for a better way to delete the line that was clicked in any of six specified lists. He had it working in a couple of dozen lines of code that simply confused me. But using sender, it was really quite simple: Private Sub ListBox_Click( ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs ) Handles ListBox1.Click, ListBox2.Click Dim myListBox As New ListBox myListBox sender myListBox.Items.RemoveAt(myListBox.SelectedIndex)End Sub One more example to nail down the point is a question that was sent in by Pierre in Belgium. Pierre was testing the equality of Button1 and sender using the Is operator for objects: If sender Is Button1 Then ... This is syntactically correct because sender and Button1 are both objects that can be referenced. And since sender really is identical with Button1, why doesnt it work? The answer depends on a keyword that is found a little earlier in the statement. First, lets check the Microsoft documentation for the Is operator. Visual Basic compares two object reference variables with the Is Operator. This operator determines if two reference variables refer to the same object instance. Notice that sender is passed ByVal. That means that a copy of Button1 is passed, not the actual object itself. So when Pierre tests to see if sender and Button1 are the same instance, the result is False. To test whether Button1 or Button2 has been clicked, you have to turn sender into an actual Button object and then test a property of that object. Text is usually used, but you could test a value in Tag or even the Location property. This code works: Dim myButton As ButtonmyButton senderIf myButton.Text Button1 Then

Health Campaign Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Health Campaign - Research Paper Example food safety and physical activity, though according to the overview results they mainly impact academic achievements of students from the target groups. Harris County Hospital District, official authorities, HCPHES, school administrations and volunteers from the target communities certainly try to change the situation for better. Nevertheless, their efforts are uncoordinated and not widely-advertised, that’s why local Hispanic and African-American communities are not involved in it properly. Thus, to improve current situation in Harris County an efficient Health Campaign is required. To establish this Health Campaign detailed statists is required, because organizes should be well-aware of quantity of the target groups, its basic needs, socio-economic status, health-related problems etc. In 2009 Harris County population included circa 4,070,000 residents; absolute majority (98%) lives in urban zone. Thus, large distances and transportation will not hamper arrangement of the health campaign. Both African-American (18.5%) and Hispanic (32.9%) communities make 50% of total population, that’s why the campaign must be large-scale and involve all abovementioned interested parties. (Appendix A) â€Å"According to the US 2005 American Community Survey, both the HA (14%) and the AA (12%) populations are represented as minorities.† (Talpade, 2008) Using CDC BRFSS, the campaign organizers can make a brief comparative analysis of general health status in the county with Healthy People 2010 objectives. As for improvement of daily ration and weight management, average weight of men makes 190 pounds, for women – 159 pounds. (CDC BRFSS, 2004) It means that obesity rate in the county is above average US obesity rate. 57% of residents drink alcohol more than twice per month and 40% smoke quite regularly. Thus, majority of members of African-American and Hispanic communities do not follow healthy diet and prefer fast-food or semi-finished products from the supermarkets.

Nursing Care of People with Substance Related Disorder and Dual Case Study

Nursing Care of People with Substance Related Disorder and Dual Diagnosis - Case Study Example Initially he liked drinking with his friends but over past few years, his drinking has become quite escalated to the extent he is alcohol dependent in order to cope with daily cores. His convulsive consumption of alcohol is very pronounced, since he says that normally he takes a couple of beers in the morning and ends in the evening by consuming two or three bottles of wine and some mixers. Joe also appears to be very depressed and hopeless as he explained that he was feeling very low and regrets about having lost the only things that matters to him. Looking at his medical history, he appears to have lost considerable weight, which he explains by saying that he does not like eating, and he lacks appetite most of times due to nausea. It appears that Joe is in need of nursing care of people with substance related disorder and dual diagnosis. Dual diagnosis refers to the comorbid condition of a person who is suffering from a substance abuse problem and mental illness (Elder, Evans & Niz ette, 2009). High-risk alcohol consumption is not a problem that affects Joe alone, but it is prevalent in Australia, with about 3200 people dying as a result of excessive alcohol consumption and around 81000 people being hospitalized annually (Australian Government, 2011). Moreover, the Australian community incurred approximately $15.3 billion in 2004/05 from alcohol-related social problems (Australian House of Representatives, 2010). Assessment: Biopsychosocial assessment It involves interview or interviews combined with physical and psychological examinations that are aimed at gathering all the information related to physical, psychological, and social issues that may be affecting problems such as addiction, emotional and personality difficulties (Myers & Salt, 2007). Joe, in his late 20s, appeared to have all signs of a late stage alcoholic developing into alcohol withdrawal. He looked sweaty, eyes dilated and his hands were trembling badly. His blood/alcohol level was at that m oment low. His nose and cheeks were red with tiny spider veins and when asked to extend his hands out in front, they were very tremulous. He looked more of a featherweight person with a distended abdomen. He scored high on the CAGE assessment test and did not have other drug substances in his system. Mental health status assessment Mental health assessment helps a healthcare practitioner to get the overall picture of how well a patient feels emotionally and their ability to think, reason, and remember (Fabricius, Langa & Wilson, 2008). He appears to have a memory lapse, as he cannot remember people close to him - he kept confusing their names. His thinking was relatively slow, and the speech was somehow slurred. It was apparent that he had lost control of his drinking and now his drinking has escalated. He was confused and depressed by his situation. The divorce and custody of his child appear to have added hopelessness and misery to his predicament. For most of the time, he was fee ling guilty and worthless for losing interest in things that were important in his life. His sleeping habit is quite troubled since he has to take alcohol in order to sleep. Substance use history Substance use history helps a doctor to assess dual diagnosis patient history of how they have been abusing substances, for what given timeframe and

Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Jose Rizal Essay As all Filipinos very well know Jose Rizal has written many books like Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to expose the hardship Filipinos are experiencing during the Spanish Time without fearing for what would happen to his life because of this. He was even exiled in Dapitan because of his writing and during this time he did not stop helping and even taught the villagers there the importance of education and as a doctor cured those who are sick. His intentions were clear, the willingness to help is always there. I think this is the first step in showing the Fiipinos his intention of helping our fellow Filipinos to build a nation. Our Forefathers became aware of the abuses being done in our country because of what Rizal had written therefore awakening the Filipinos knowledge to build a nation not under the influence of any Foreign People but a nation which should be protected and loved by its citizen. The intentions also of the Foreign Leadership that was happening in our country that time were revealed by his writing. Abuses of the soldiers, Friars and other Spanish leaders were exposed to the people and analysing such would be comparing the corruption happening even during those days. Corruption has been a root cause on why a nation suffers. Jose Rizal during his last days made thru to his intention of his love for the Nation so that it could be strong. Sacrificing his life for the Nation who during that time is so afraid and awakening the Katipunan to stand strong against Foreign Colonialism is surely an indication that this is the start of a strong Nation not afraid to face aggression and to love this country which should be governed by its people and showing his undying love by sacrificing himself just to spark its country man, therefore it is my opinion that Rizal is the spark to build a strong nation here in our Country.

Henry Matisses Madam Matisse: The Green Line Essays -- Art Analysis

Madam Matisse: The Green Line Henry Matisse, one of the most influential members of the Fauve movement, was responsible for much of the attention brought to it and its respective members. One of his works, Madame Matisse: The Green Line, more or less serves as an excellent example of what he was trying to accomplish in art: the use of color to express and convey emotions. The composition of the work consists of a portrait of Madame Matisse in the foreground and a background divided into several distinct areas of color. The division in the background is apparent in the juxtaposition of the mauve, orange and blue green, with the foreground divided primarily by the green strip itself, which runs down the middle of Madam Matisse’s face and separates the painting along a vertical axis. The background and foreground, however, are rendered almost completely flat, so that they seem to become part of one another, and Madame Matisse seems to become somewhat of a portrait within a portrait. The space in the portrait is more or less two dimensional, with only a slight hint of depth illustrated by a dark area of shading above Madame Matisse’s left shoulder. The perspective is entirely frontal with her torso angled to the left and her head slightly to the right. Color, along with the subject of Madame Matisse, is the focus and most important element of the work. Matisse has used color here to illustrate a sense of the emotions he feels for his wife. These colors are primarily bright, striking colors such as orange, red, yellow, mauve and bright green accompanied by the use of a cooler, calmer blue-green and black. The combination of these colors is non-naturalistic and provides a contrast that is readily apparent t... ...began his professional career as a lawyer and did not discover painting and art until he bought a set of watercolors at some point before 1892. After he did discover his love of art he began to study in Paris in 1892 and spent much time in the south of France, which vastly affected the style of his work. In conclusion, the painting Madam Matisse: The Green Stripe is an embodiment of everything that Matisse himself and the Fauve movement stood for: the lyrical use of color to create â€Å"an art of balance, purity, and serenity.† He was able to use the initial ideas created in the Fauve movement and advance them beyond what any other artist in the period had done previously or after. In fact, one might say that Matisse was the artist who ensured the lasting impression of Fauvism on artistic expression and that it would not be what it is today without his influence.

Choosing a Right Major to Create My Future

Rupeng Yang Choosing a right major to create my future Undergraduates have the higher educational level than high school student, but have the lower educational level than graduates. The time we spend in college is the most important time in our lives. During this period of time, we have been changing ourselves a lot. Because we get more information from our professors and our schoolmates to make us to become â€Å"critically thinking adults†(P85). We do not want to dependent on our family very much. We are trying to think about our future independently. We want to be more independent.So we obtain a lot of information from outside world, ignoring the information is good or bad. The most important thing we are thinking about is our majors. We are lack of experiences how to make a right choice on our majors. We do not know what we can do in our future. Now we are suffering from selecting majors. We really need to get help from professors or tutors in our college. Last semester w as my first semester in baruch college. When I met new classmates or new professors, the most question to me is what my major is. My answer was always I do not decide or I do not know.Many freshmen have the same situations as me, even some second year students. Why do not we choose majors? We Yang 2 want, but we do not know what we can choose. In baruch, the first two years classes have not any relationship with our majors. We have few chances to get information about majors from our classes. Because we are always busy with studying. Some students have part time jobs. They need to focus on not only their study, but also their jobs. Because they need to make money to support their education. They have little chance to know about their majors.Why do we want to attend to college? Because we want to know about our world well and obtain more knowledge to know what we are able to do or what we are interested in doing in the future. I know we have advisers in baruch. But that is not enough to so many students. We need more professional advisers to help us to analyze what the employment situations in the world now and what it will be like after we graduate, or help us to find out what are really interested in. Baruch college is famous at accounting major. But not everyone comes here for becoming an accoutant.I do not want to be an accountant too. I hope my major is about finance. Finance comprises many branches. I need a more specific major. My question is how I can use my advantages better if I choose a major. I am good at math, but I do not want to be an accountant. What can I do in the future? Baruch college pays a lot of money to the library resources every year to give students more knowledge and help us to study well. But if we do not know what we will do, or what our life will be like in the future, what is the destination for studying well? Our majors are like our dreams about our life.We need to spend a lot of time on our major. Because our majors connect wit h our working, Yang 3 and our working connects with our life and family in the future. That is why I am really concerned about choosing a right and propriate major. Many of my family members and friends told me that the major I choose is what I am really interested in. Because I need to spend more than four years on the major, and the first formal job I find is about my major. With an old saying in China, â€Å"Man needs to select the right major, and woman needs to get married with the right man. As far as I know, it is not easy to change major in college. If you did, it really takes time to finish another major. So we hope we can make right decisions at the first time. We do not need to change our decisions and use more time and energy to finish our education. â€Å"A more serious problem for faculty at many state and city colleges is the scarcity of resources. Because schools cannot easily hire more faculty members, they increase the workloads of those they have. †(P86) B aruch college does not have that problem.We have enough and professional faculty members, and good resources and computers in the library. Every student would not say, â€Å"There is no class for me to choose. † Every student can become full time student. If baruch college can put more professional advisers in it, that would be better. We have a good student academic consulting center. There are good professors and tutors to help students with their study, such as English, mathmatic, foreign language and so on. But few people think about if we have professional advisers to help us with our majors, we can get the best benefit.Yang 4 If I know what my major is, I will make my goals clearly for my life. I can make sure what I need to learn, what I do not need to waste time on. That makes my study more efficient. Although my parents and friends gave me some suggestions. those are not professional enough. I need a professional adviser to help me clear out my struggle. I appreciate that baruch has enough faculty members, good resources and beautiful basketball playgrounds. I hope baruch can add more professional advisers in it to help our students with their majors.

Within the Context of 1789-1890, Was the Unification of Germany a Result of Economic, Political or Military Forces?

Numerous factors have lead to the progressive creation of a unified Germany by 1871; such factors are fundamentally related to economic, political or military origins. To accurately understand the reasoning behind the unification, one must look at the history preceding it – The after-effects of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; The significance of the French revolutions and Napoleonic Wars on Germanic national identity; the degradation of Austria’s national power; the introduction of the Zollverein in 1834 and the Prussian economic superiority that followed in addition to the industrialisation of the German states all contribute towards economic and political factors relating to the formation of a unified Germany under Prussia’s direction. Military factors contributing towards the unification of Germany include the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte; Otto Von Bismarck’s foreign policy based strongly around ‘realpolitik’; the significance of the ‘New Model Army’ on Prussia’s military prominence in addition to the conclusive Franco-Prussian war. The Germanic region is immersed in a rich cultural heritage extending back, within the context of recorded history to a wild, untamed land coupled with the indomitable spirit of the indigenous people who populated it. Numerous tribes took residence within Germania including but not limited to the Saxons, Franks and Chatti. Several centuries on, the Frankish territories within Germania had spread across the Central European landmass under the tactical prowess of Charlemagne to encompass large parts of Western Europe and Northern Italy, thus forming â€Å"Teutonicorum† or â€Å"Germanic Realm†. This newly formed empire was later consolidated by Otto the Great to become the Holy Roman Empire and is considered by numerous historians as the formation of the First Reich. The period from 936 C. E onwards saw the further expansion and consolidation of the Holy Roman Empire’s territory; this territory was however still rather localized to the Central European landmass. The conglomeratic nature of the Holy Roman Empire’s territory in addition to Otto the Great’s ecclesiastical reformations and papal disputes provide a poignant appreciation to French philosopher Voltaire’s phrase (1)â€Å"This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empireâ€Å". Nevertheless, the Holy Roman Empire laid immeasurable foundations in the construction of a modern Germanic national identity; this national construct was further built on by the shared linguistic and cultural background of the denizens of Central Europe and as such, the importance of this rich heritage in the creation of a unified Germany must not be neglected. Analysis must be made in order to quantify the involvement economics played in the unification of the German states. The main economic impact on the Germanic states pre-1834 was the French Revolution and subsequent Napoleonic Wars, the French Revolution in particular stemmed partly from an economic crisis based in France; although providing unseen benefits that later amalgamated into the creation of a unified Germany, the wars were extremely taxing on the German states, such an economic drain arguably perpetuated the view that the German states would be unquestionably stronger if they were unified economically with consideration to the possibility of a future surge of French imperialism. After the creation of the German Confederation via the Congress of Vienna, inter-state trade began to increase but was severely limited by individual state tolls on goods passing through their respective territories, as such; Prussia introduced the Trade Reform Act 1818 which effectively removed intrinsic customs tariffs boosting internal trade massively. From this sphere of economic influence, neighbouring states began to adopt a similar tariff system in the interest of long-term economic growth. This indoctrination of sorts paved the way for the rapid economic development of the states that had adopted Prussia’s tariff system. Not only did this economic revolution increase the wealth of the states that adopted it, it also laid the foundations for an economic national identity which became synonymous with interstate politics. The increased political involvement between states can only be looked at positively when attributing its involvement in the creation of a unified Germany, with such involvement taking place, it is apparent that the German Confederation was already beginning to function as a single entity. With the boost in economic co-operation came a degree of cultural integration as a result of the increased inter-state involvement. It can certainly be argued that the introduction of the Trade Reform Act and the resulting economic co-operation contributed to the formation of a unified Germany. The positive effects of the newfound increased economic co-operation were further exemplified by the introduction of the Zollverein in 1834. The Zollverein’s influence furthered a national identity, both through the solid participation of the constituent states of the German Confederation and ‘monuments’ under which unification could prosper such as the customs-parliament and the formation of a governing body of the economic aspects of the German Confederation. The synonymous nature of economics and politics meant that it was only a matter of time before the latter was formalized just as the economic union of states had been formalized by the Zollverein. With the Zollverein came a rapid increase in foreign trade which bolstered the confederation’s economic armoury as a result of commercial treaties with Holland, Britain and Belgium. Not only did this bolster the Prussian-dominated Zollverein’s coffers, it paved the way for a diplomatic stability with the nations; the fact that it is arguable that the majority of the states within the German Confederation were interested in international relations is further indicative of the collective will of the Germanic states to be unified. A further benefit towards unification that the Zollverein brought was the industrialisation of the German states as a result of the increased trade and wealth that the Zollverein had provided; this industrialisation emerged primarily with the introduction of the railways. Not only did the railways further bolster trade and strengthen the bond that the Zollverein had provided for the German states, it removed a large portion of pre-existing inter-state cultural segregation and local prejudice as a result of the increased social and cultural contact made available by the addition of the railways to the German Confederation’s transport system. An additional economic aspect that must not be neglected is the effect the Zollverein had on Prussia’s main rival for unification – Austria. Due to the fact that the Zollverein was fundamentally born from the Prussian womb as a result of previous success of the Tariff Reform Act, it allowed Prussia to refuse entrance of the Zollverein to Austria despite three arguably frantic attempts to join in 1852, 1853 and 1862. This further weakened Austria’s hold over the German Confederation and as a result, it became more apparent that Prussia was to lead a unified Germany. The fact that one nation had clear dominance within the German Confederation provided a rallying point for German states under a Prussian banner and furthered the now Prussian-biased ideology of German dualism. It is also possible to consider that the German states may have used the example of Prussian economic solidarity and political dominance as a justification for a Prussian-lead unified Germany. In contrast, Lombardy was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy during 1859 as a result of the Second Italian War of Independence, further weakening Austria’s economic position due to the fact that Lombardy was a significant Austrian trade hub; in addition, this led to the defeat of the Hapsburg family. The war was a catalyst for liberalism/nationalism. From a political point of view, it can be said that political activities both intrinsic to the German states and extrinsic such as political ideological revolutions across Europe contributed to the unification of Germany. The political effects Napoleon exercised on the Germanic states and their relevance to German unification almost a century later must be appreciated in order to properly understand the political basis for unification. A principle factor was the continuation of the War of the Second Coalition and the subsequent Peace of Luneville. Although initially enforced to allow easier management of German territories, it can be argued that Napoleon had unknowingly paved the way for German nationalism. German nationalism was further exemplified by the martyr Friedrich Staps(2); his attempt on Napoleon’s life and subsequent refusal to denounce his will to assassinate Napoleon after being asked by Napoleon whether he would thank him if he was pardoned became a beacon of unification and furthered the German nationalist identity; he was quoted as saying â€Å"Long live freedom! Long live Germany! † before being executed by firing squad. The fact that an attempt on Napoleon’s life was made in the first place is strongly indicative of an inherent nationalist awareness and disagreement with French hegemony; collating to form a strong will for unification under a single identity. The Congress of Vienna was a further spoke in the wheel of unification. Although initially intended to reconsolidate existing Germanic states and quash nationalist views, the German Confederation was formed which can be considered a major step towards unification; this further amalgamated German states and as a result of the denomination of the states under a single name, caused political arguments over who should rule the confederation. Although political tensions were fierce between Prussia and Austria, it can be considered positive that there was a title of ‘ruler’ of the German Confederation to quarrel over at all; this is highly suggestive that most German states had unification to some degree planned or had at least considered it by 1820. What the Congress of Vienna did not take into account however was the growing economic power and ambition of Prussia. The Zollverein further reinforced Prussia’s political influence over the majority of states within the German Confederacy and continued to isolate Austria – Prussia’s main contender for the crown of unification due to the lack of inclusion within the Zollverein. In addition to Austria’s waning political influence as a result of the Zollverein, Prince von Metternich’s resignation in 1848 brought an end to Austria’s largely protectionist policy and allowed for a continued nationalist view with Prussia firmly secured to unify Germany. This nationalist â€Å"will† to become a single nation is supported by Heinrich von Treitschke, a German nationalist historian’s statement (3)â€Å"Every virile people has established colonial power. All great nations in the fullness of their strength have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands and those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come. † From a nationalist point of view, it is suggestive of the yearning that citizens of the German states had to be a part of the new world that was forming as a unified identity. As a result of the degeneration Austria was experiencing, Frederick William IV of Prussia took control of German Confederacy affairs and called the Frankfurt National Assembly. Although the assembly was hugely biased towards the middle class populace, boasting 325 middle class delegates and only 5 of a working class background, it was not the fact that it was unsuccessful, it was the fact that delegates from the Germanic peoples met at all. Although Frederick William IV declined the crown mainly due to opposition from the other German princes in addition to strained relations with Austria and Russia, he quickly summoned the German princes to Erfurt to create a plan to unite Germany. The activities that transpired during the Frankfurt National Assembly indicated a step away from autocracy and a step towards a constitutional monarchy, suggestive that a unified Germany was imminent. Perhaps the greatest political influence on the unification of Germany was Otto von Bismarck. He has been described by William Carr as (4) â€Å"a giant among pigmies† due to his political and diplomatic influence. Bismarck was appointment as Minister President of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1862 and had a profound effect on nationalism and the foreign policy of the German Confederation. Bismarck’s progressive domestic policy can be considered a great stepping stone towards unification. One such subjectively important measure Bismarck took was the secularization of the Klein Deutschland via the May Laws; these laws helped delegate power to the state therefore strengthening the Reich’s position within society. A principle factor of the May Laws relating to the continued unification of Germany was the state’s newfound governance of education over the Catholic Church; this helped promote modernist ideas to the future German population, thus allowing Germany’s continued survival in a progressive world post-industrial revolution. Additionally, Bismarck’s social welfare reforms further strengthened the fabric of the new society that was beginning to flourish. The introduction of sick pay in 1883 and pensions in 1889 helped quell the large socialist unrest which can be said to have helped towards the social stability of the nation. Bismarck’s foreign policy also provided a basis for the unification of Germany. Bismarck took a strong political stance of diplomatic isolation and pacification. Bismarck’s primary aim diplomatically was to maintain good relations with Russia and Austria and prevent a Franco-Russian alliance through the League of the Three Emperors as Bismarck realised that if diplomatic relations broke down with Russia, there was a strong possibility that Germany could be hit from both the Eastern and Western fronts. Bismarck maintained a â€Å"three against two† diplomatic philosophy; he is quoted as saying (5) â€Å"you forget the importance of being a party of three on the European chessboard. The foreign policy Bismarck employed enabled the diplomatic isolation and subsequent defeat of both France and Austria, the two main barriers standing in the way of a unified Germany. Following the unification, Bismarck employed a clever aggressive diplomatic move in the shadow of the Congress of Berlin’s negative effects on relations with Russia. A dual alliance was formed with Austria in 1879 in order to both coerce Russia into seeking a clos er diplomatic relationship with Germany and to secure Germany’s southern border in the event of a diplomatic breakdown with Russia. This was a very wise move on Bismarck’s part as it further pacified a real threat to Germany’s continuity. A further show of Bismarck’s diplomatic engineering unveiled itself in light of the Spanish revolution; As a result of the uprisings, the throne of Spain became available. Tensions between France and Prussia had escalated beyond all measure as a result of an offer to a German Prince to take up the throne and war was declared between France and Prussia as a result. The diplomatic supremacy portrayed by Bismarck aided greatly in the provocation of a Franco-Prussian war and as a result of the French defeat, aided greatly in the unification of Germany with one of its major enemies defeated. The Napoleonic wars and the resulting military encounters may be looked upon as a catalyst for the unification of Germany, a common â€Å"wartime enemy† gave the citizens of the German states a common goal which cumulated with the significant Prussian role within the Battle of Waterloo and the heroism shown by Gebhard von Blucher’s troops. The German revolutions of 1848 may be considered a military catalyst towards German unification. During the revolutions, Austria was mainly preoccupied with the First Italian War of Independence; this coupled with Prussia’s newfound superiority within the German Confederation meant that the German states relied upon Prussia to assist with the uprisings, this reliance further strengthened the political role Prussia played within the German Confederation and took the states one step closer to unification under a Prussian banner. The first major military effect on the unification of Germany came with the realisation in 1859 that the Prussian army was ineffectively trained and archaic, Albert von Roon, war minister of Prussia proposed the Army Bill of 1860. It planned to substantially increase the size of the Prussian army and improve its equipment; furthermore, national service was to be extended. The bill was passed by Bismarck in 1862 contrary to liberal opposition and hence the â€Å"New Model Army† was created. Despite continuous liberal opposition to Bismarck’s policies, as a result of the success his policies had, liberal support for him did grow. This is supported by the American historian Peter Viereck: (6) â€Å"The liberal university professors, Metternich's fiercest foes and now so prominent in 1848, were often far from the cloudy idealists pictured in our textbooks. From his own viewpoint, Bismarck erred in mocking their lack of Realpolitik. The majority†¦ as more Bismarckian than Bismarck ever realized. Many liberals†¦ later became leading propagandists for Bismarck, along with the new National Liberal Party,† Danish annexation of Schleswig brought the modernized German army to life and in February 1864, a combined Prussian and Austrian force crossed the Danish border into Schleswig. The Danish army consisted of around 40,000 troops and was swept away by a force superior in numbers, equipment and tactics. The Second Schleswig War accumulated into a victory for Prussian and Austrian forces, resulting in the re-annexation of Schleswig and the acquisition of the duchy of Holstein for both nations. This military move allowed Prussia to re-affirm its dominance and perpetuated to the German states that it was capable of defending its territories if provoked; this furthered nationalist views within the German states and contributed towards a unilateral notion that Prussia was able to lead a unified Germany. A further military factor of unification displayed by Prussia was the Austrian-Prussian war in 1866; through Bismarck’s diplomatic puppeteering, Austria declared war on Prussia. Austria was quickly isolated diplomatically and militarily. This isolation coupled with the Italian mobilization for the Third Italian War of Independence meant that Prussia had hit Austria at its weakest; Austria was quickly overwhelmed resulting in the loss of a thorn in Germany’s side. In addition to this, Austrian influence on German states waned due to both the defeat itself and that it became apparent that was unable to focus on the affairs relating to German states. This further solidified Prussia’s hold over both the states themselves and the Zollverein. Austria’s defeat also resulted in the further diplomatic isolation of France which would later aid Prussia in the Franco-Prussian war and make the path to unification more straightforward. By 1870, Prussian dominance was prolific across the German states, primarily as a result of the Prussian show of military force in the Second Schleswig War and indeed the Austrian-Prussian War. The interstate alliances that were formed meant that any European aggression on a German state would result in action being taken from all German states allied with Prussia, it was apparent from such diplomatic relations that the German states were at this point a pseudo-nation of sorts. As a result of the diplomatic breakdown over the Spanish crown, War was declared by France on Prussia in the summer of 1870. Napoleon III decided to invoke a strategy similar to his uncle’s strategy several decades ago however, the war was soon lost as a result of the unified German states being able to co-ordinate in addition to the Prussian military might resulting from the earlier Army Bill of 1860 in addition to the experience it had gained from the Schleswig-Holstein conflict and the Austrian-Prussian War. The British historian A. J. P Taylor summarized Napoleon III’s failure to take into account a key factor of his strategy (7) â€Å"Like most of those who study history, he (Napoleon III) learned from the mistakes of the past how to make new ones. † The importance of the military must not be neglected when considering the factors relating to the unification of Germany. The seeds of nationalism were planted at the turn of the 19th century as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. Military action formed a cornerstone of Bismarck’s foreign policy which subsequently can be considered a key piece of the unification. As a result of the modernization of the Prussian army, it was able to exert its dominance over both Denmark and Austria – the main contender to unify Germany and a stark opponent of the militaristic manner in which Bismarck was conducting in order to do so. Prussia was also able to eliminate France as the main rival to the formation of a unified Germany and prosper from the post-war reparations that France had been forced to pay both financially and in terms of territory thus aiding the continuity of the newly formed Germany. To conclude, it may not be accurate to attribute the unification solely, or even primarily to one set of factors but to a broad spectrum, each with their own significance, relevance and effect on other factors, for example; the Franco-Prussian war may not have resulted in a victory for Prussia had the Army Bill of 1860 not have been passed, nor would Prussian economic dominance be exerted in the later 19th century if the Zollverein had not been introduced in 1834 and as a result, Prussia may not have had the funds to introduce the Army Bill in the first place, this is testament to the theory that the economic, political and military factors relating to the unification of Germany are linked and as such, a denomination cannot be made towards the prevalence of one but indeed the combined significance of all of these factors. These interwoven strands of fate may be recognised by the Borussian Myth, a theory perpetuated by 19th century nationalist German historians such as Heinrich von Tr eitschke and Theodor Mommsen. The Borussian Myth states that German unification was inevitable; it is based off a teleological argument which suggests that all factors of an event are directed toward a final outcome. This theory is contrasted by post World War II historians searching through the immediate German past in order to better understand the root causes of World War II. It was progressively realised that Prussia was not the centre of German culture as suggested by the German nationalist historians of the 19th century and that 19th century German history wasn’t entirely centred on Prussian success attributed to accumulative fate but a time of great social, economic and cultural change for the German states. Although the Borussian Myth may be flawed by nationalist bias, the linked significance of the factors relating to the unification of Germany does suggest that Prussia was â€Å"destined† to unify Germany to some extent. Nevertheless, the unification of Germany cannot be attributed to one set of factors, but a precise combination of all factors executed with crucial timing whether intentional or not, sprinkled with a dash of luck.

The length of the lines decreases to reflect their content it symbolise a diminished man Essays

  The length of the lines decreases to reflect their content it symbolise a diminished man Essays   The length of the lines decreases to reflect their content it symbolise a diminished man Essay The length of the lines decreases to reflect their content it symbolise a diminished man Essay Herbert alludes to the paradox of the fortunate fall or felix culpa. Only by sinning with Eve, and being cast out of the Garden of Eden into a world of labour, pain, and death, did Adam enable the second Adam, Christ, to redeem man and show a love and forgiveness that otherwise could never have been. Feel: feel this day in 1633. The two added words disturb the clear metrical scheme (which has six syllables in lines 3, 8, and 13) and are not found in the manuscript of the poem. Imp is a technical term taken from falconry, meaning to graft feathers on to a damaged wing to restore a birds power of flight. Herbert is asking to become one with Christs rising from the dead into new life and to soar towards heaven with him. Herbert may have in mind two passages from the Bible which link the idea of flight and the experience of Gods healing and renewal. * In rhyme scheme, Herbert uses ababacdcdc in both stanzas, giving the poem a sense of order in the structure. With each stanza representing a different relational aspect of man to God, the first being the fall of man and the second being mans redemption through Christ, the rhyme scheme suggests that even with the failure of man, God keeps balance and order within the universe. * In writing his form of verse in this poem, Herbert forces almost every line to stand on its own by using the placement of hard punctuation at the end of almost every line. Additionally, he forces the aspect that each line is important by capitalizing the first letter on each line. However, his line design of having longer lines at the beginning and end of each stanza as compared to the middle lines does more than just create a visual image, it enhances the idea of giving the poem a flow that feels as though the work itself is contracting and expanding, much like the opening and closing of the wings represented in the visual image produced by the layout of the poem. It may also seem the contracting and expanding of mans heart. The middle four lines of each stanza are reduced to four syllables on lines four and seven, and only two syllables on line five and six, as compared to ten syllables in each line that forms the cap and base of each stanza. Additionally, in each stanza, it is i mportant to note that each line is shortened by two syllables until only two syllables remain in lines five and six, at which time each line is lengthened by two syllables, giving it a syllabic pattern, per line, of 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, per stanza. * This poem is a good example of a Shape or Pattern poem. The practice of writing poems whose shape mirrored their theme was adopted from the ancient Greeks and was very popular at the time when Herbert was writing. If you turn the poem sideways, you can see the shape of a pair of wings. The shape represents a dying or falling, then rising pattern, which is the theme of the Easter story. The top half of each stanza focuses on the problems caused by human sin. The bottom half reflects the hope made possible by the resurrection of Jesus Christ at Easter. * The first stanza or wing traces the decline of humankind outlined in Christian thought. After their creation, Adam and Eve were believed to have experienced the wealth of Gods provision for them in the Garden of Eden but they foolishly chose to disobey God and eat the fruit of the forbidden tree. Rather than believing that human beings grow better and better through the centuries, Herbert is reflecting the Christian perspective that human beings had enormous potential, which they have wasted through turning away from God. * Fortunately, there is hope. In the rising part of the stanza, Herbert talks of himself rising with Christ. The alliteration of the fall further the flight in me reinforces the paradox of the felix culpa or happy fault which teaches that the fall of humankind actually had a positive outcome because it resulted in the coming of Christ to bring human beings into a new relationship with God. Herbert is now applying this hope to himself. * The second stanza is parallel in its form, and uses a number of words and phrases from the first. It is more specifically autobiographical, and could be seen as a summary of Affliction I. * Herbert talks of afflication, sickness and shame as punishmnets sent by God to warn sinners to mend their ways afflication shall advance the flight in me the crosses born to pay for sins and ultimately improve through suffering the ways of evil. The request to imp my wing on thine asks for support and a close bond to God. The use of thee is used to direct to God. The Lord is adressed by the speaker creating a dialogue between Herbert and God.

5 Ways to Bond With New Coworkers

5 Ways to Bond With New Coworkers Making friends as a grownup can be really hard. Particularly making friends at work, when you’re the new kid and don’t yet know the dynamics of your office. But there are a few easy steps you can take to make inroads. 1. Think Outside the OfficeGrab a coffee or a drink at happy hour after work. Ask questions (not pushy or invasive ones!) and find out about your co-workers’ interests.2. Quit The Smack TalkEveryone needs to grumble about work now and then- and a nice round of complaining with your co-workers can be just the key  to get things off your chest. But be careful not to overdo it. It’s easy to step on toes or alienate people who might have a different take on things. Concentrate on the positive instead!3. Stick To Common GroundFind things you have in common with your co-workers and steer the conversation towards your shared interests. It shows you listen to what they care about and you can open up a discussion about something non-work-related (al ways a welcome break!).4. CollaborateAsk for guidance or a fresh pair of eyes on your project. Your co-workers will be flattered to know you recognize what they do well and respect them for it. Plus you’ll prove yourself as someone who is capable and cooperative.5. Share the GloryDon’t be one of those people  who constantly takes all the credit. Make sure to point out who helped you out  and try not to toot your own horn- even if you did something toot-worthy!Try these simple workplace hacks and you’ll be well on your way to making friends in your new office. When in doubt, just remember to do your job and be sincere.5 Steps To Easily Connect With Your Co-Workers

The Success of Business Enterprise Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Success of Business Enterprise - Term Paper Example This business is deemed that there are sites of work namely; in Birmingham and in Worthing as its factory sites and factory manufacturing contact lenses in Surrey. In this kind of set-up, we are aware that there are three branches in this business and with this we will now have the idea that the operation is subdivided into three sites and with this, it is a fact though these factories do perform almost the same kind of operation and produce the same kind of products the geographical separation of these factories and outlets can make a difference. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â  In this scenario, the three establishments should perform the same and should have uniformities with regards to the operation. This could be possible in recording the files, statistics and medical record of the patients in order to ensure the uniformity of operations in these places. We will now assume that these three are branches and should render the same services in their proximity. Â   Â   Â   Â   In order to ensure the uniformity of the operations of the said establishments under the business name Custom Eyes rendering the same services in different areas, the entries and the documentation of the patients and costumes should have the same entries and therefore should contain general information about patients and clients. In this case, the information that these branches should obtain must include names, addresses, medical records and similar information needed to assess the patient/client. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â  In doing this, we might be able to ensure that the record keeping of these branches are the same and the optometrists that are attending to the costumes would have the same performance as the information that they deal with would be the same. Of course, functional requirements should also be present in this kind of business. For example, the competencies of the optometrists should be looked into in order to ensure the capability and the quality of services rendered. Also, the functional requirement of the equipment should also be present in this kind of business.